1. Copyright Document Example

Nokia Corporation is a Finnish multinational telecommunications, information technology, and consumer electronics company, founded in 1865. Nokia's headquarters are in Espoo, in the greater Helsinki metropolitan area. In 2018, Nokia employed approximately 103,000 people across over 100 countries, did business in more than 130 countries, and reported annual revenues of around €23 billion. Nokia is a public limited company listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange and New York Stock Exchange.

It is the world's 415th-largest company measured by 2016 revenues according to the Fortune Global 500, having peaked at 85th place in 2009. It is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index. The free software movement or free/open-source software movement or free/libre open-source software movement is a social movement with the goal of obtaining and guaranteeing certain freedoms for software users, namely the freedom to run the software, to study and change the software, and to redistribute copies with or without changes.

Although drawing on traditions and philosophies among members of the 1970s hacker culture and academia, Richard Stallman formally founded the movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project. Stallman later established the Free Software Foundation in 1985 to support the movement. Smartphones are a class of mobile phones and of multi-purpose mobile computing devices. They are distinguished from feature phones by their stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems, which facilitate wider software, internet, and multimedia functionality, alongside core phone functions such as voice calls and text messaging. Smartphones typically include various sensors that can be leveraged by their software, such as a magnetometer, proximity sensors, barometer, gyroscope and accelerometer, and support wireless communications protocols such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and satellite navigation.

Contents.Maemo is mostly based on code and has been developed by Maemo Devices within Nokia in collaboration with many open-source projects such as the,. Maemo is based on and draws much of its, and from the project. It uses the window manager and the -based framework as its GUI. The Linux kernel is a free and open-source, monolithic, Unix-like operating system kernel. The Linux family of operating systems is based on this kernel and deployed on both traditional computer systems such as personal computers and servers, usually in the form of Linux distributions, and on various embedded devices such as routers, wireless access points, PBXes, set-top boxes, FTA receivers, smart TVs, PVRs, and NAS appliances.

While the adoption of the Linux kernel in desktop computer operating system is low, Linux-based operating systems dominate nearly every other segment of computing, from mobile devices to mainframes. Since November 2017, all of the world's 500 most powerful supercomputers run Linux. The Android operating system for tablet computers, smartphones, and smartwatches also uses the Linux kernel. Debian, also known as Debian GNU/Linux, is a Linux distribution composed of free and open-source software, developed by the community-supported Debian Project, which was established by Ian Murdock on August 16, 1993. The first version, Debian 0.01, was released on September 15, 1993, and the first stable version, 1.1, was released on June 17, 1996. The Debian Stable branch is the most popular edition for personal computers and servers, and is the basis for many other distributions.The in Maemo 4 is similar to many hand-held interfaces and features a 'home' screen, from which all applications and settings are accessed.

The home screen is divided into areas for launching applications, a menu bar, and a large customizable area that can display information such as an, player, and Google search box. The Maemo 5 user interface is slightly different; the menu bar and info area are consolidated to the top of the display, and the four desktops can be customized with shortcuts and widgets. The user interface ( UI), in the industrial design field of human–computer interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur.

The goal of this interaction is to allow effective operation and control of the machine from the human end, whilst the machine simultaneously feeds back information that aids the operators' decision-making process. Examples of this broad concept of user interfaces include the interactive aspects of computer operating systems, hand tools, heavy machinery operator controls, and process controls. The design considerations applicable when creating user interfaces are related to or involve such disciplines as ergonomics and psychology. Internet radio is a digital audio service transmitted via the Internet.

Broadcasting on the Internet is usually referred to as webcasting since it is not transmitted broadly through wireless means. It can either be used as a stand-alone device running through the internet, or as a software running through a single computer.At the in February 2010, it was announced that the Maemo project would be merging with to create the mobile software platform.

Despite that, the Maemo community continued to be active, and in late 2012 Nokia began transferring Maemo ownership to the, which was replaced by a German association. MeeGo is a discontinued Linux distribution hosted by the Linux Foundation, using source code from the operating systems Moblin and Maemo. Primarily targeted at mobile devices and information appliances in the consumer electronics market, MeeGo was designed to act as an operating system for hardware platforms such as netbooks, entry-level desktops, nettops, tablet computers, mobile computing and communications devices, in-vehicle infotainment devices, SmartTV / ConnectedTV, IPTV-boxes, smart phones, and other embedded systems. User Interface OS2005–OS2008Up to Maemo 4 (AKA OS2008), the default screen is the 'Home' screen — the central point from which all applications and settings are accessed. The Home Screen is divided into the following areas:. Vertically down the left hand side of the screen is the taskbar, with applets for the web browser, communications, and application menu by default. These can be modified using third party plug-ins (e.g.

To provide a favorites or command menu). Horizontally across the top left half is the menu bar, which shows the application name and window title, and gives access to the application's menu (which contains the typical file, edit, view, tools, etc., menus and sub-menus). Horizontally across the top right quadrant is the status bar, containing icons such as battery life, wireless connection, volume, status, and brightness by default. These can be expanded using third party plug-ins in the same manner as the task-bar. The remaining large part of the display contains Home applets (roughly analogous to 's ), which can display data as well as serving as a shortcut to applications. These include an RSS reader, Internet radio player, Google search box and contact list by default, but can also be expanded with third party plug-ins. Is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

It is considered one of the Big Four tech companies along with Amazon, Google, and Facebook.The interface uses either the touch screen, or a directional pad and select button, with separate back, menu, and home buttons. It is capable of receiving text input through handwriting recognition, two different sizes of on-screen keyboard and hardware keyboard input with the. See also:The quick start guide for developers warns that Maemo security concentrates on preventing remote attacks (e.g. It also warns that Maemo's has a trivial default password (user: gainroot, password: rootme) which needs to be changed before enabling remote access.Maemo employs a numeric security code as a way to lock the device's controls and display independently of the root password, to help prevent unauthorised access. Software architectureMaemo is a modified version of the /, slimmed down for mobile devices. It uses an -based using Xomap and the. The GUI uses the toolkit and user interface and., a software package for embedded and mobile devices, replaces the used in -proper to reduce memory usage and storage requirements (at the expense of some functionality).is used as the primary sound server, and is used by the shipped media player to play back sounds and movies.

The formats supported by GStreamer can be extended by compiling GStreamer plugins in scratchbox , which was done, for example, to bring support to the platform, as well as experimental features such as and after they were announced. Third-party media players can access GStreamer directly or via 'osso-media-server'. Window management is handled by the Matchbox window manager, which limits the screen to showing a single window at a time ( implements a similar system). This is to improve usability on a mobile device with a small screen.Although Maemo is based on GNU/Linux and other open source software, some parts of Maemo remain closed source. These include some user-space software, like certain status bar and taskbar applets (including the display brightness applet) and applications, and some system related to connectivity and power management.

SoftwareMaemo comes with a number of built-in applications, but additional applications can be installed from a number of sources, including various official and community, and files through either the built-in 'Application manager', or the Advanced Packaging Tool. Bundled applications include the -based browser, player,. Notable third-party applicationsDue in part to the and nature of and Maemo, applications to Maemo is a straightforward procedure. Because of this, there are many third-party available for the platform. Some applications are original software written specifically for Maemo, while other applications are straight ports of existing Linux programs. Some notable software includes: Media players Internet, Office applications (spreadsheet), (word processing) Instant Messaging VOIP, Games, Others ( reader), (OpenSync compatible ), (RDP remote access), (subscription music, US only), (game emulator), ( calculator emulator), (TV viewer and controller), ( navigation software), ( player), Fremantle Stars Applications developed by the community and supported by Nokia as Fremantle Stars will be part of Maemo 5. Notable applications include (game, includes ) and.

Debian OpenOffice.org running on Maemo 5 using Easy Debian.The complete distribution can be installed as a Maemo application, making thousands of software packages available (including, the and desktops, etc.). Debian packages can also be used if they are modified with the maemo-optify tool. The ability to run largely unmodified linux packages sets Maemo apart from other Linux-based, such as. Media supportOther media types, such as the audio format.OGG, can be added with the use of community plug-ins. Video, Audio/playlists, AMR, AWB, M4A, WMA. OGG/Vorbis (requires addon package), M3U, PLS Image/Animation, Text/layout,.

Software developmentSoftware can be developed in using the Maemo, (which is supported by the Jalimo JVM), Vala, Perl and Pascal.The Maemo SDK is based around the -oriented, which provides a environment in which development may take place. Scratchbox uses to emulate an ARM processor or to remotely execute instructions. Scratchbox-compatible rootstraps are available for both and, so the majority of development and debugging takes place on x86, with final packaging being for ARM.As a new feature of the Maemo operating system, Maemo 5 offers the library as a community-supported component, alongside the officially supported backend.

This will change with the Harmattan release, which will add the Qt library as the default, with GTK+ becoming community-supported. The programming languages, and will also be supported.The Nokia Developer Wiki community has articles about Qt development, and includes tutorials and articles about development for the Maemo operating system. HardwareThe Maemo operating system is designed for, which feature very similar specifications to Nokia's high-end and cellphones, with, large screens, and expandable internal storage. Although the highly optimized, hardware-specific nature of Maemo renders its operation on non-Internet tablet hardware very difficult, most of the important non-proprietary parts of the operating system, along with some of the available third-party applications, are actively being packaged for Debian and are available for use on other distributions, which will open up a large range of other hardware options.Nokia runs the Maemo operating system on the. Version history Versions of Maemo and of some of the forks OS2005 OS2005 DesktopShipped with the in November 2005, this is the original Internet tablet OS.

It came bundled with the web browser, basic and clients, and players, and image viewers, a graphical Advanced Packaging Tool, front-end (dubbed simply 'Application manager'), and a variety of simple games and utilities. OS2006 OS2006 showing Pimlico DatesOn 16 May 2006, Nokia announced a new version of, which was subsequently released as a for the on 9 June 2006 and as a production version on 20 June 2006. The update featured improved performance and stability, a built-in Google Talk client, a refreshed look, and a new full-screen finger keyboard. Because of significant API and architecture changes, existing applications required recompiling.

It is the last officially supported Internet Tablet OS release for the 770.Also included was the ability to support 2 GB RS-MMC cards ( formatted). The was upgraded to 2.6.16, with the associated patches for the OMAP platform included. This new version uses for improved interactivity.

OS2007 OS2007 Desktop showing OMWeatherOS2007 was released and bundled with the on 8 January 2007, after its unveiling at the 2007 summit. It featured significant bug fixes and performance improvements in almost all areas of the OS, bringing updated versions of the Opera web browser and, an updated interface and various API and library updates.

OS2008 OS2008 DesktopOS2008 was released with the in November 2007, based on Linux 2.6.21, and featuring, a new -based web browser that replaces Opera. It also features integrated and additional support for Windows Media Player Formats and and improved support for USB devices, among other incremental UI improvements (particularly in the direction of finger-friendliness). (between 165 MHz and 400 MHz) was also implemented, which gave the N800 a 70 MHz speed increase. DiabloDiablo is the codename for the OS2008 Feature Upgrade (corresponding to Maemo 4.1), released in June 2008. Major features include significant improvements to the built-in Application manager, incremental operating system upgrades without reflashing ('Seamless Software Update', SSU), as the default mail client, and a new version of the browser with better performance and some interface improvements (though still based on the same release as Chinook's MicroB). Diablo also included an implementation of the WiMAX stack for the short-lived N810 variation called.

SSUSSU, in particular, is one of the most significant parts of the Diablo release, as it eliminates the flash-based upgrade system of previous Maemo releases which required the user to completely wipe their device with each upgrade. With SSU, the user can receive 'over-the-air' updates. This also decouples bundled software updates from the major system updates, as was required with the flash-based method, so Nokia can release more frequent updates to individual packages than before.The first SSU update was pushed on 11 August 2008, and brought Diablo up to version 4.2008.30-2. The update primarily features MicroB, Modest, and connectivity framework updates as well as a number of other minor bugfixes. Maemo 5 Maemo 5 ScreenshotMaemo 5, also known as Fremantle, is the default operating system on the.

The release features a much more finger-friendly and consistent user interface, and an based on rather than. It also features several new technologies, including the search system, (replacing ), the OHM hardware management daemon, the gUPnP framework, enhanced location framework,. Several existing technologies have also been updated, including, (will include ), and.Maemo 5 comes with new hardware, the featuring a 3, with an modem and HD camera, which provides significant improvements in speed, acceleration, and media playback. Nokia decided that the commercial Maemo 5 platform releases will not be available on N800/N810 hardware, for compatibility reasons.

An open source Linux project called, a variant of Maemo, has been formed to provide an alternative, fully open operating system for mobile devices including the Nokia N800 and N810.Unlike most smartphones, the end-user is able to gain by installing an application, such as the 'rootsh', and then issuing the appropriate command in the terminal in Maemo 5. The device does not need to be unlocked or ' in order to install an unsupported application. The UK cellular operator Vodafone has its own branded, somewhat more restricted version of the Maemo 5 operating system. Main article:In the wake of the release of the MeeGo code base, there are two main community efforts to bring MeeGo to the current Maemo devices (N800, N810, and N900), as Nokia has launched the N9, which is powered by MeeGo. These efforts are the MeeGo adaptation for the N800 and N810 devices, and the MeeGo to N900 project.

HarmattanHarmattan was originally planned as a transitional operating system developed by Nokia, meant to be a bridge between Nokia's Maemo and the MeeGo project. It is still using the APT package manager for applications, but the graphical user interface and major parts of the system were improved, rewritten from scratch or rebased on top of Meego frameworks. It is heavily using the libraries instead of /, and introduced a new UI paradigm based on Swipe gestures, done from the edge of the screen. After problems with the original Meego project, Nokia decided to rename Harmattan to Meego/Harmattan and shipped their N9 with this OS. Main article:Mer is a completely software distribution targeting mobile and embedded systems, first developed for reimplementing Maemo in the open, and then rebased on top of the MeeGo tools. QtIn January 2008, Nokia began the process of acquiring, the developer of the application framework.

Nokia has since announced plans for the Qt libraries to be bundled with Maemo by 2008, though without a platform-specific ' user interface as is offered with (meaning Qt applications will look different from hildonized GTK applications). This will make porting of Qt applications to the platform easier for developers, and make new applications available to users. Qt support on devices will likely lead to cross-platform application sharing between the two platforms.

The announcement has been met with mixed reactions in the developer community. Release history NamingMaemo codenames are named for winds. For example, the latest release, codenamed 'Fremantle', is a reference to the, the Western Australian vernacular term for the cooling afternoon sea breeze which occurs during summer months in south west coastal areas of Western Australia. Qt is a free and open-source widget toolkit for creating graphical user interfaces as well as cross-platform applications that run on various software and hardware platforms such as Linux, Windows, macOS, Android or embedded systems with little or no change in the underlying codebase while still being a native application with native capabilities and speed.

Qt is currently being developed by The Qt Company, a publicly listed company, and the Qt Project under open-source governance, involving individual developers and organizations working to advance Qt. Qt is available under both commercial licenses and open source GPL 2.0, GPL 3.0, and LGPL 3.0 licenses. Hildon is an application framework originally developed for mobile devices running the Linux operating system as well as the Symbian operating system. The Symbian variant of Hildon was discontinued with the cancellation of Series 90.

It was developed by Nokia for the Maemo operating system and is now a part of GNOME. It focuses on providing a finger-friendly interface. It is primarily a set of GTK+ extensions that provide mobile-device–oriented functionality, but also provides a desktop environment that includes a task navigator for opening and switching between programs, a control panel for user settings, and status bar, task bar and home applets. It is standard on the Maemo platform used by the Nokia Internet Tablets and the Nokia N900 smartphone. Qt Creator is a cross-platform C, JavaScript and QML integrated development environment which is part of the SDK for the Qt GUI application development framework. It includes a visual debugger and an integrated GUI layout and forms designer. The editor's features include syntax highlighting and autocompletion.

Qt Creator uses the C compiler from the GNU Compiler Collection on Linux and FreeBSD. On Windows it can use MinGW or MSVC with the default install and can also use Microsoft Console Debugger when compiled from source code. Clang is also supported.

Copyright Document Example

This project provides different configurationsof virtual images with a complete environment for Maemo applicationsprogramming and building. There are two different virtual images:. Virtual image with Ubuntu Server Intrepidinstalled - used as sandbox for building C/C applications and alsoother utilities for non-Linux host operation systems. It is used forEclipse-based product to provide non-Linux host system programming forMaemo platform. Virtual image with Ubuntu Desktop Intrepidinstalled - the same as previous one, but for non-Linux system usage(see section).If you more details about Maemo SDK VMs building, see.Contents.User accountIn order to access any Maemo SDK virtual image, you need to use defaultcredentials:.

login: maemo. password: maemoRoot user ( root) is disabled. Then, if you want tobecome root you need to user sudo command.Uncompressing the virtual imageWe suggest you to useuncompressing tools. See for moreinstructions.Installing virtualizationtoolsIn order to use Maemo SDK virtual images, you need to install at leastone of the virtualization tools:,or.

You can check thefollowing instructions to install them on you host environment. (see section).Installing virtual imagesBoth images are compressed as zip files. In addition, other files arealso attached: release notes, vmx (VMPlayer description file), READMEand copyright notices.The virtual images execute properly on Debian-based distributions, MSWindows XP/Vista and also on Mac OS X.You can use any VMWare product, QEMU or VirtualBox to run the machines.For more details, check instructions.QEMUTo run the machine with QEMU, execute the following command:(On Linux). Development targetsOn both virtual images, the targets for the Maemo 4.1 platform areDIABLOX86 (i386) and DIABLOARMEL (arm). $sudo apt-get install scratchbox-core scratchbox-libsRemeber that sudo must be used to obtain superuserprivilegies (see )Then, install the newest version of Maemo SDK.

Select the release youwant to install. See instructions.Updating Maemo SDK VirtualImageIt is common that you want to update some or all of components ofyour Maemo SDK Virtual Image, such as IDE Integration components,enhancements-tools installers, Maemo programming environment and systempackages. SeeHow to use the Maemo SDK VirtualImage with ESboxIf you want to use the Maemo SDK Virtual Image with ESbox and use theIDE on a non-Linux operating system (Windows or OS X), see. Knownissues. The images do not contain OpenVMTools or GuestAdditionpreinstalled or any other enhancing-performance tool. These tools aremostly used for enhancing graphics and network performance.

You can usethe available installers on virtual images to install OpenVMTools orGuestAdditions. The images have performance drawback when used with QEMU.Usage of VMWare products (including VMPlayer) or VirtualBox to run thisMaemo Virtual SDK Image is recommended for those developers whoexperience performance problems with QEMU. The image have problems regarding to. If you want to use the image as programming environmenton non-Linux hosts (as ESbox virtual image), you need to fix theproblem.

In ESbox, in Window Preferences Maemo Installed Targets page, right-click an SDK or target andselect 'Patch autoconf.' To apply this patch. VirtualBox support isinitial.

Some problems may occur (networking and localization). See.

Scratchbox does not initialize resolv.conf properly.Such file defines DNS servers. Whenever Scratchbox is started, itcopies /etc/resolv.conf from host PC BEFORE such file is createdby NetworkManager.

In order to solve this problem, restart Scratchboxusing the following command line.